ENERGY PYRAMID
THE 10% RULE · FOOD CHAIN
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Energy Pyramid
Sun
Producers
−90% heat
Primary
−90% heat
Secondary
−90% heat
Top
trophic level
energy available
10 %
passed upward
1. The 10% Rule
Each level passes only 10% of its energy to the next
The other 90% is lost in respiration, heat and waste
2. Food Chain
Grass
→
Grasshopper
→
Frog
→
Snake
3. Remember
Energy decreases as you go up
So there are few top predators
MATRIC BIOLOGY · ECOSYSTEM · PUNJAB BOARDS
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